Sound Elements How They Affect Poetry - 1120 Words

Annalise Thomason Professor Turley English 200 October 21, 2015 Sound Elements: How they Affect Poetry The lessons that individuals can learn though poetry are a very important key to understanding and learning about the world around you. In poetry you have to analyze what, how, and why something is being said or portrayed in a poem. Authors use many techniques and elements to help distinguish their meaning. Some of these elements are those of sound such as rhythm, rhyme, and tone. Each of these plays a major role in how a poem in interpreted by readers. This is because each one can change the meaning of a poem by how it is used. The poems of â€Å"The Dance† by William Carlos Williams, â€Å" My Papas Waltz† by Theodore Roethke, and â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death† by Emily Dickinson are great examples of how these elements influence and shape the work and meaning of the author. The poem â€Å"The Dance† by William Carlos Williams used many different elements of sound in this poem, such as rhythm and rhyme, to bring a description and his interpretation of the painting â€Å"The Kermess† into words. Williams sets the rhythm of â€Å"The Dance† to match possible movements that occurred during this time at parties. An example would be â€Å"The dancers go round, they got round and around†(Kennedy and Gioia, 875). This insinuating that the people are dancing in circles. He also is able to set this rhythm using a specific meter. Each line has three beats and syllables creating a constant rhythm toShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Analysis – Amazing Grace747 Words   |  3 PagesAnalysis – Amazing Grace The poetry â€Å"Amazing Grace† by John Newton is one of the most famous poems ever written and composed. â€Å"Amazing Grace† has been particularly influential and has affected lives since it was written. The reasons why â€Å"Amazing Grace† is influential are for the same reasons why I found this poem very interesting and engaging. The literary elements that attributed to the poem’s quality and importance are its form, content, and tone. These elements are what make â€Å"Amazing Grace†Read MoreEssay on The Sacred Words: Elements of Poetry1512 Words   |  7 PagesProgram #11 The Sacred Words: Elements of Poetry 1. Understand the importance of economy of language in poetry. It is important because it is the fewest words to fully get your idea across, not rambling on. Program #12: A Sense of Place 1. Show how clues and information in the poem about the setting affect a poems meaning for a reader It affects it changing the reader’s vision about what they are reading. 2. Discuss how a readers understanding of a poem is affected byRead MoreEchoes Of Sounds And Souls. Sound Is One Of The Most Intriguing1629 Words   |  7 PagesEchoes of Sounds and Souls Sound is one of the most intriguing elements of language. It is fundamental to all spoken languages yet does not explicitly lend itself to its written counterparts. For many of us we hear the sounds in our heads whilst reading. Nevertheless it could certainly be argued that the mere letters on the page themselves contain the entirety of the meaning; the sounds associated with them being of secondary importance. This argument holds some element of truth as it is entirelyRead MoreEssay on Compare and Contrast Literary Text and Non-Literary Text1569 Words   |  7 Pagesartist’s will and imaginations and are therefore subjective. Poetry, novels, short stories and dramas are written in a particular way, and this is referred to as literary text. In literary texts, authors creatively create feelings and ideas to entertain their audiences. Examples of literary texts are poems, short stories and dramas. They have been described as â€Å"the best words in the best order†. The use of sound of words make poems sound like songs when read aloud. Poems have a particular appearanceRead MoreComparing and Contrasting Literary Forms691 Words   |  3 Pagespaper will consider the similarities and differences among the literary forms of drama, poetry, and the short story. Certainly, an obvious similarity is that they are all forms of literature and as such have the great potential to affect peoples hearts, minds, and experiences. Literature, when executive well, has the potential to change a persons perspective, inspire, or otherwise change who that person is and how that person thinks. This is a similarity that each one of these literary forms has inRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Dickinson s Poetry1168 Words   |  5 PagesEmily Dickinson’s poetry arose during a time of much deep questioning going on in the literary world. Many of her poems lend themselves to various interpretations, as Dickinson looks at the world through a variety of perspectives. Dick inson wrote concisely and broke the traditional rules of writing poetry, and in doing so often wrote in one way but meant something entirely different. Poem 340, or â€Å"I felt a Funeral, in my Brain,† is one of these such poems that has no clear answer and is ultimatelyRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By Robert Frost1075 Words   |  5 PagesBehind The Text Leah Cordier Ms. Paine Honor Tenth Grade Literature/Composition 14 December 2015 What is diction? The choice and use of words and phrases in writing. How does that affect a piece of literature? It creates and shapes it. What is structure? The complex construction of an arranged plan. How does structure relate to a poem? Structure in a pieces of literature, generates tension and deposition. The Road Not Taken, is a poem published in the early 1950’s by Robert Frost. The poem is summarizedRead MoreThe Song Analysis OfHey, Jude, By Paul Mccartney728 Words   |  3 Pagesdecided to change the title to â€Å"Hey, Jude† after hearing the name in a movie and liking the sound of the name. The voice of â€Å"Hey, Jude† is encouraging and urges Jude to not give up during hard times. Paul McCartney acts as the persona, taking an influential role in Jude’s life. â€Å"Hey, Jude† contains poetic elements that add to the overall effect of the song, including rhyme, symbolism, and multiple sound techniques. Paul McCartney added rhyme to â€Å"Hey, Jude† while coming up with the lyrics on hisRead More Langston Hughes: In the beginning there was language Essay1035 Words   |  5 Pages In The Beginning, There Was Language nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A dream is a hope, a wish, and an aspiration. Everyone has dreams about what they want to be when they grow up, how they want to live, whom they want to marry and how their life will turn out. However, not all dreams can come true right away. Many of them are just out of reach and can only be attained by hard work, leadership and determination. The poem â€Å"A Dream Deferred† by Langston Hughes is an example of just that, a dream thatRead MoreEssay on Langston Hughes: in the Beginning There Was Language1027 Words   |  5 PagesIn The Beginning, There Was Language A dream is a hope, a wish, and an aspiration. Everyone has dreams about what they want to be when they grow up, how they want to live, whom they want to marry and how their life will turn out. However, not all dreams can come true right away. Many of them are just out of reach and can only be attained by hard work, leadership and determination. The poem A Dream Deferred by Langston Hughes is an example of just that, a dream that is just simply out of reach

Performance Management Linking Strategy and Human Resources

Question: Describe about the Case Study of Performance Management for Linking Strategy and Human Resources? Answer: Case Study 1 Various steps need to be undertaken so that the teams purpose can be identified and established. Few of the steps that the leader will have to undertake so that the teams performance can be improved are as follows: - 1. Team meetings will be taken at regular intervals so that the leader can communicate regarding the purpose of the team. 2. The leader will also have to undertake one-on-one meetings will all the team members so that the weak areas can be highlighted. 3. The leader should share the KRA list with various resources in the team so that the team members can get a clear idea regarding what is expected from them (Fenwick 2001). Few of the ways to ensure all the team members are aware of their roles and responsibilities are as follows: - 1. The manager should elaborate the KRA list to the resources. The leader will discuss about the KRA with the resource rather than just sending the email directly. Discussing will ensure that the KRAs are well understood by the resources.2. Frequent meetings will also help the resources to understand the achievement that they done and also the areas wherein they need to improve (Thorpe 2008). It is very important to understand the training needs of the resources so that they can be trained accordingly. Few of the ways by which the training needs of the resources will be identified are as follows: -1. Direct observation is one of the ways by which the leader can get to know the areas where in the resources needs to improve.2. The leader can also prepare questionnaires so that the hidden strengths and weaknesses of the team members can be known.3. One-on-one interviews will also help the leader to understand the areas wherein they resource is willing to grow. The leader should help the employee to grow in the direction that they want so that the productive of the team can be increased. The need of training and mentoring needs to be identified first so that the leader can plan the training problems. Few of the ways by which the management can understand the employee needs training are as follows: -1. Continuous errors in the work would mean that the resource needs to be trained.2. If the resource is not confident about the work that needs to be delivered then the leader should train the resource.3. If the resource wants to grow in a particular area then they will have to be trained. The resource may directly express their willingness to grow in a particular direction. The leader will not get support from the team immediately and it is the leaders responsibility to ensure that all the members are happy with the new team. Few of the ways to ensure the success of the new team are as follows: -1. The team members should be aware of the purpose for which the new team is formed.2. The leader should motivate the team to work together by way of meeting, team building activities and also outings (Evans 2004). Case study 2 Few of the ways by which the leader can ensure that the team members in the decision making processes are as follows: -1. During the team meetings, the employees will have to be communicated about the future plans about the organization. This will keep the employees motivated.2. Brainstorming sessions can be conducted so that the employees can be motivated to come with new ideas for the different problems. If an employees idea is implemented then he should be rewarded for the idea so that the employees can share their opinion (Cokins 2009). Various measures will be undertaken so that the team members can express the opinion that they have with regards to the transition. Few of the ways by which feedback can be collected are as follows: -1. Feedback forms can be circulated so that the employees can share the opinion that they have with regards to the transition process.2. The leader can have a one-to-one meeting with the team members so that their opinion about the transition process can be received (Caldwell 2002). Possible conflicts that might arrive during the transition process are as follows: -1. The employees who were receiving the penalty rates may be dissatisfied and hence, their productivity will be affected.2. Most of the employees may resign and look for an opportunity in some other company. The conflicts will have to be resolved so that the transition process can be completed successfully. Few of the ways by which the conflict can be resolved are as follows: -1. The leader can conduct meetings so that the bigger picture can be shown to the employees.2. The leader should identify the resources which arent happy and talk to them. This will help the employees to feel better to stay with the organization and help the organization to complete the transition process (Johnson 2000). References Fenwick, M, 2001, Performance management: linking strategy and human resources, Working Paper series, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 1327-5216 Cokins, G, 2009, Performance management: integrating strategy execution, methodologies, rick and analytics, ISBN 9780470449981 Thorpe, R, 2008, Performance management: Multidisciplinary perspectives, ISBN 1403947619 Evans, E, 2004, Performance management and appraisal: a how to do manual, ISBN 9781555704988 Caldwell, C, 2002, Performance management, ISBN 0761213929 Johnson, D, 2000, Team performance management, ISBN 0762306556

Hell And Heaven Essays - Hell, Christian Eschatology,

Hell And Heaven Matthew Jay Krachunis May 2000 Hell The idea of heaven entices and encourages believers and non-believers alike. It is enjoyable to envision a place of eternal rest and relaxation, in the presence of God and loved ones. Heaven does exist according to the Bible, and is the destination of the believer in Jesus Christ at the completion of life on this earth. What is not encouraging is the fact that there is a place for those whom God chooses will not inherit everlasting life. This place is commonly referred to in the English language as hell. It is not metaphorical nor is it mythological, it is real in every sense of the word; a true literal hell. It is a time as Guthrie says in New Testament Theology, ? to inquire about the state of the lost, a subject which tends to be neglected or else glossed over.....the final state of those who are not in the book of life? (Guthrie p. 887). This will be the focus of this discussion, the eternal state of those individuals whose name will not be found in the book of life. To fully understand the implications of the declaration of a place of eternal damnation, one must first understand what that place is. The common use of the word ?Hell? is considered colloquial and comical to some. In the bible, the idea of the term ?hell' is expressed in more ways than one. The terms Gehenna (Matthew 5:22), Hades (Matthew 11:23), and Lake of Fire (Revelation 20:15) are terms that have been interpreted to believe as hell. The term ?Gehenna' occurs twelve times in the King James version of the bible. It occurs in all three of the synoptic gospels, but most notably in the book of Matthew in which it occurs seven times. Strong's Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible defines Gehenna as ? A name for the place (or state) of everlasting punishment:-hell? (Strong's p. 19). Jesus Christ spoke of Gehenna and warned people of it. Jesus said in Matthew chapter five verse thirty, ? for it is better for you that one of the parts of your body perish, than for your whole body to go to hell?. It is as Guthrie says, ? There is no way of avoiding the conclusion that Jesus firmly accepted that there was a counterpart to heaven for those who were condemned before God ? (Guthrie p.888). It is clear that Guthrie believes that there is an eternal and literal hell. Therefore, because Jesus stated it, and Guthrie supported it, shows that it must have a certain importance about it. In Mark chapter nine verses forty-two through fifty, Jesus is talking about the importance of understanding of the implications of a sinful life and where it will lead. In the following passage, the usage of the word ?hell' is interpreted as the Greek word ?Gehenna' and Jesus says, ?If your hand causes you to sin, cut it off. It is better for you to enter life maimed than with two hands to go into hell, where the fire never goes out? (Mark 9:43). It can be construed from this statement that Jesus is adamant about the reality of the conditions in hell. It can be assumed that Jesus is not advocating the actual removal of the hand, but is speaking about the horrifying reality of hell. He is admonishing those who are listening to understand that theoretically, not having one of your hands would be better than spending eternity in hell. As Stamps says in the notes of the Full Life Study Bible, ? the place of unquenchable fire is so terrible that every influence of sin must be opposed and rejected no matter what the cost ?(Stamps p. 1497). Clearly, hell is an eternal existence that would be far worse than a missing limb. Next, Stagg states in The Broadman Bible Commentary that Gehenna was a term that ?came to symbolize the place of judgment for the wicked? (Stagg p. 109). Furthermore, Stagg declares that Gehenna is derived from Hinnom, a valley west of Jerusalem, where the garbage was burned from the city (Stagg p. 109). The aforementioned passages reinforce the idea that hell is not a

Army of None Essay Example

Army of None Essay Example Army of None Essay Army of None Essay al BCOM/275 Army of None June 4, 2012 Recruiters lie. According the New York Times, nearly one of five United States Army recruiters was under investigation in 2004 for offenses varying from threats and coercion to false promises that applicants would not be sent to Iraq. One veteran recruiter told a reporter for the Albany Times Union, Iâ„ ¢ve been recruiting for years, and I donâ„ ¢t know one recruiter who wasnâ„ ¢t dishonest about it. I did it myself. (counterrecruiter.wordpress.com) The military contract guarantees nothing. The Department of Defenseâ„ ¢s own enlistment/re-enlistment document states, Laws and regulations that govern military personnel may change without notice to me. Such changes may affect my status, pay allowances, benefits and responsibilities as a member of the Armed Forces REGARDLESS of the provisions of this enlistment/re-enlistment document (DD Form4/1, 1998, Sec.9.5b). Advertised signing bonuses are bogus. Bonuses are often thought of as gifts, but theyâ„ ¢re not. Theyâ„ ¢re like loans: If an enlistee leaves the military before his or her agreed term of service, he or she will be forced to repay the bonus. Besides, Army data shows that the top bonus of $20,000 was given to only 6 percent of the 47, 7272 enlistees who signed up for active duty. (counterrecruiter.wordpress.com) What money is for college $71,424 is it in the bank If you expect the military to pay for college, better read the fine print. Among recruits who sign up for the Montgomery GI Bill, 65 percent receive no money for college, and only 15 percent ever receive a college degree. The maximum Montgomery GI Bill benefit is $37,224, and even this 37K is hard to get: To join, you must first put in a nonrefundable $1,200 deposit that has to be paid to the military during the first year of service. To receive the $37K, you must also be an active-duty member who has completed at least a three-year service agreement and is attending a four-year college full time. Benefits are significantly lower if you are going to school part-time or attending a two-year college. If you receive a less than honorable discharge (as one in four do), leave the military early (as one in three do), or later decide not to go to college, the military will keep your deposit and give you nothing. Note: The $71,424 advertise d by the Army and $86,000 by the Navy includes benefits from the Amy or Navy College Fund, respectively. Fewer than 10 percent of all recruits earn money from the Army College Fund, which is specifically designed to lure recruits into hard-to-fill positions. (counterrecruiter.wordpress.com) Never been a recruiter but I have served in the Army for 21 years. I used my GI Bill benefits to pay towards my degree and so have other countless other soldiers. Most benefits are guaranteed to you and the terms of how the money is paid are immediately. For anyone to sit here and say the majority of people never receive their benefits is false. The only way you donâ„ ¢t receive the benefits is choosing to not use them or have a discharged under less than honorable conditions. The job you choose when you enlist is the job you train for. Never met anyone in the Army who didnâ„ ¢t receive the training for the job they choose itâ„ ¢s in writing on a contract thatâ„ ¢s binding. It sounds like this website has its own issues with omitting facts and stretching the truth. Not sure when 47, 7272 enlistees signed up, but someone needs to check their data. We are talking about serious life issues. The Army has not had 47,000 people joining for many years. All services (reserve included) have not had 47,000 join in a single year ever. One in four enlistees getting out with less than honorable is not true. One in three getting out early included people getting out going to college or attending West Point as well as switching to another service, but this is still completely false. Lastly, this is the simply the most poorly prepared webpage I have ever visited. Thank you for your time, and Iâ„ ¢m proud to serve my country to continue giving you the right to whine about it. Referenceâ„ ¢s 1. (Internet from 11/22/11) http://counterrecruiter.wordpress.com

Visual Arts Manet Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Visual Arts Manet - Research Paper Example We are then going to look at the difference in thinking between the artist and the public opinion. We are finally going to conclude by airing opinions, on whose thinking creates an insight to the human population (Sturken & Cartwright, 2008). As I had mentioned, we shall start by analyzing Manete’s work, of 1862-3. Le dejeuner sur l'herbeis is one of the initial artistic wok that Manet ever did. He made this painting in 1862-3. It generated substantial debate amongst many young painters, who desired to create impressionism in art. Together with Olympia, they marked the genesis of modern art. In English, this piece of art means the luncheon on the grass. It is a sketch like art, which comprises of two men and one woman. The men are well groomed in black coats and superb pairs of trouser. On the other hand, the lady is entirely nude. On the other end, there is another woman seem to be washing something in a river. The whole setting is in the wild. The three (i.e. the two men and the naked lady) appear to be discussing something. The lady is more aligned to the man on her right side, and his legs are crossing under hers. There is a basket of fruits, and some snacks by their side. The food stuff is in a disorganized ma nner, which is suggestive that they have already dealt with it, though there are some remainders. This piece of art was out rightly rejected in 1863, at the Paris salon (Herbert,1991). After the rejection, it was exhibited at â€Å"salon of the rejected† later in the same year. Emperor Napoleon instigated this salon, after the rejection of more than 4,000 paintings, during that year’s salon. Another thing that led to its rejection is the fact that it had a sketch-like handling and innovation. This piece of art reveals that Manet had studied previous arts. This is evident through the fact that the main figures in this art were similar to those of Judgment of Paris. Judgment Paris is an engraving by Raimondi’s. It was made in c.1515 and was grounded on Raphael’s drawing. He also seems to have borrowed a leave from the tempest. The tempest was developed in c.1510. He also seems to have taken some idea from the pastrol concert. In the pastrol concert, two fully groomed men, and a nude woman, seated on some grass while making some music. All the artistic wo rks we have mentioned above seem to be carrying some vital cultural information. For instance, there is the common message of gender, and gender role in portrayed in them. They portray the role of a woman in the traditional, western society. The woman is portrayed as the minor, while men are portrayed as senior. This is shown through the act of drawing the women naked, while the men are fully groomed. The roles of a woman are also portrayed in Manet’s oil painting, whereby the woman is doing some washing, while the men and the other naked woman, are just seated down. In addition, it seems to pet ray the traditional western culture, and their way of living, and entertainment. For instance, they would go out into the natural world; in this case the forest, where they would have their meals/snacks. For instance, in the pastrol concert, the characters enjoy playing music, while seated on the grass. Apparently, in their culture, it was a form of entertainment to see naked women. F antasy rape â€Å", is a recent (2007) advertisement, which triggered a pronounced debate amongst many people. It is a print advertisement, wh

Consulting Project Plan Part One Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Consulting Project Plan Part One - Essay Example With the existence of such a problem, employees are forced to operate in a dissatisfying working environment hence the low morale. Team support and teamwork are two crucial factors that employees require in order to function effectively in their respective team groups. The assurance that employees can be able to rely on their teammates in case they face various challenges at the workplace is very satisfying. Cooperative and mindful employees provide a supportive team and a satisfying environment which eventually enhances employee morale. What is causing and maintaining the problem of non-supportive teams amongst Walmart employees is poor feedback and communication channels. Given the complexity of Walmart as ca company, communication gateways have been compromised. Employees are required to engage in multiple operations yet information is not properly relayed to enable them take specific action. It is very common for some team members to receive information without the knowledge of their colleagues. As a result, some tasks are left unattended to. As much as these employees are dedicating their time and energy to ensure tasks are completed on time, at the end of the day they realize that very little has been accomplished. Moreover, they do not receive feedback on time to give them enough time to execute their functions. Team leaders are further maintaining this problem by failure to coordinate team activities as expected. They do not have mechanisms through which they can monitor and evaluate the progress of employees. They also do not regard the importance of understanding individual employees and the circumstances under which they perform most effectively. The technical problem is low productivity that directly affects the process of providing customers with quality services. If employees have a low morale, they will be non-productive. This in a way is holding back Walmart from achieving its full potential. It could be the

Human Population Growth And Its Effect Environmental Sciences Essay

Human Population Growth And Its Effect Environmental Sciences Essay Population growth can be defined as an increase or decrease in the population size of living species including human beings. Human populations are also subject to natural process of birth and death. There has been a rapid increase in the worlds human population over the last few decades (UNFPA, 2011). Unless urgent steps are taken to control population, serious problems can arise like environment damage and limited availability of food resources. Continuous population growth can be problem and therefore it is important to understand how we can manage population growth for the benefit of all. Human beings have tried to make food resources available for all the population in many ways. Starting from the industrial revolution, advances in modern medicine, and green agriculture revolution have all made us self sufficient so far. However such technology development cannot go forever and therefore unless we manage population a day may come when all resources will be finished. At present there are two school of thought for the theories on population growth. The first is the pessimistic view developed by Reverend Robert Malthus, a British scholar who believed that the resources available will not be sufficient for human beings if human population is not controlled. The other theory is the optimistic view developed by Julian Simon who believed that humans can manage the issue of population because of their knowledge and skills. Therefore this paper will discuss these two theories for population growth and their effect on the resources and environment of the earth. II. Factors affecting population growth The population growth is determined mainly by birth rate, death rate, and migration patterns (immigration and emigration). For instance the population in the developed countries like Europe and America is growing at rate of only 0.1% per year while in developing countries the growth rate is over 1.5% per year. (Wright and Boorse,2011) (UNDP). In developing countries where manual labour is still considered main source of labour, children form part of the labour force and therefore families tend to have more children. Similarly when the pension system is not good, people tend to raise more children to look after during old age. Wherever women are more educated and take lead role in household income activities, there tend to be less number of children raised. In areas where traditions, culture and customs are respected population tend to be higher due to less use of contraceptives. III. Impacts of population growth Although it may be difficult to measure the carrying capacity for humans on earth (Cohen, 1995) scientists have estimated the carrying capacity at around 7.7 billion people (Van Den Bergh and Rietveld, 2004). It is now estimated that the world population will be around 9.1 billion by the year 2050. The very high population growth has raised concerns that the planet may not be able to sustain such population in the long run. Increasing population will mean increased demand for food, water, and other resources such as fossil fuel. The impact of population growth can be seen by everyone who care for the world that we live in. Over the last few decades there has been large scale destruction of the tropical forests mainly to make land available for agriculture and for urbanization. In order to produce enough food to meet the demand of growing population, forests have been cleared to undertake farming. Due to increased industrialization and urbanization, there has been great increase in th e pollution of air, water and the environment of the planet. Growing population will result in the depletion of natural resources such as water, fossil fuels (Hubert, 1982); deforestation and loss of ecosystems; and emergence of new diseases. It will also lead to more starvation, hunger and unhygienic living conditions in poor countries. IV. Factors affecting environment Environment means our surroundings in which all the things, living or non living, which includes atmosphere (air), hydrosphere (water), lithosphere (solid earth), biosphere (all living organisms), and geosphere (rocks and regoliths). Numerous factors affect our environment which includes anthropogenic activities such as urbanization, industrialization, deforestation, overpopulation, and use of fossil fuels. Natural disasters such as earthquakes, volcanoes, cyclones, landslide and floods can also negatively affect the environment. V. Relationship between environment and population growth Humans are an integral part of the eco-system of nature and there is close interconnection between human beings and environment. Ever since life existed humans have been depending on their environment for food, shelter, and other necessities. There is an inverse relationship existing between population growth and environment as overpopulation will lead to adverse effect on the environment. As human population increase, there is also increase in the demand for food and other energy sources. It is essential that the population is maintained at a level so that the natural resources are sufficient to meet the requirement for survival of all living beings. VI. Neo-Malthusian or pessimistic views on population growth Malthusian theories or pessimistic theories on population growth was derived from the ideas of Reverend Thomas Robert Malthus, a British scholar who wrote series of essays on the principles of population. There were six editions of his An Essay on the Principle of Population (published from 1798 to 1826) in which he said that if the human population growth is left unchecked the food supply will not be sufficient to meet the needs of humans. He proposed the idea that while human population grew exponentially, the food resources grew only arithmetically. He also believed that population will be controlled naturally by disease, famine and mortality. This was called as the pessimistic model of population growth. Malthus believed in using preventive checks such as abstinence, delayed marriage and restricting marriages in order to control population growth. Some people criticized Malthuss theory based on the fact that there has been an enhanced agricultural production and reduced human fer tility over the past few decades since the publication of his theories. However, many still believe in his theory that if left unchecked, population growth can pose serious problems for resource availability (Cristina, 2010). Neo-Malthusianism These are groups who also believe in the theories of Malthus and encourage population control programs for the present and future benefit of human beings. The Neo-Malthusians view however differ from Malthus in their belief on the use of contraceptive techniques for the birth control measures. The neo-Malthusians or the pessimistic view had more concerns about the effect that population growth would have on environmental degradation. While they supported the theories put forward by Malthus, this group of people strongly supported the idea of actively controlling population growth in order to prevent adverse impact on the environment. This pessimistic group are concerned about the effect overpopulation may have on resource depletion and environmental degradation. There has been a general revival in neo-Malthusian ideologies from the 1950s onwards especially after the publication of series of books by some Malthusian supporters such as Fairfield Osborn (Our Plundered Planet), William V ogt (Road to Survival) and Paul Ehrlich (The Population Bomb). Although many critics of neo-Malthusianism criticize the revival of this theory based on fact that the green revolution has led to sufficient food production, Pessimists such as Paul Ehrlich believe that unchecked population will ultimately lead to serious problems in the future (Ehrlich, 2009). Neo-Malthusian or the pessimistic view is more about the positive checks but Malthusian said that there is balance between both positive and negative checks. Technological or Optimistic views on population growth. The optimistic model of population growth was proposed by Julian Simon who in his book The Ultimate Resource (1981) argued that as resources become scarce the price goes up which in turn creates incentives for people to discover new source or find alternatives for the resource. Simon also claims in his book that the natural resources are infinite based on the justification that innovative methods can be used to make natural resources available. Increasing population growth and reduced resources make people to create innovations and inventions to produce more food and all basic needs. The optimistic view said that science and technology can overcome scarcity problems. Esther Boserup (1910-1999)-Danish economist said necessity is the mother of invention. So, humanity will always find a way to overcome their problems. The optimistic view also said that more people means more alternatives to find new materials and discover ways to do things. Discussion It can be seen from the above paragraphs that population growth can impact on the state of environment of our planet. Of the two theories on population growth, I support the neo-malthusian theory of pessimistic views based on the following justifications. Deforestation for agriculture If the human population growth is left unchecked, a day might come when the earths resources will not be able to sustain the requirements of human beings. As overpopulation will demand increasing food, energy, and other resources, humans will engage in activities that will directly affect our environment and ecosystem. For instance, about 160,000 square kilometers per of tropical rainforests are cleared for agricultural use thus resulting in loss of habitat for the biodiversity (Laurance, 1999). Such loss of forests will contribute to global warming and other negative effects on environment. Urbanization/industrialization In order to meet the growing demand of increasing population, humans have been using technologies such as industrialization for enhanced production of food and other needs. Increased industrialization and urbanization results in air pollution, noise pollution, and water pollution which are all detrimental to our environment. Increased urbanization will also mean clearance of forests for construction of roads, buildings etc. which further adds to pollution. Depletion of non-renewable natural resources and emission of green house gases Uncontrolled growth of population will lead to rapid depletion of non-renewable natural resources such as fossil fuels which are used as source of energy. The burning of fossil fuel i.e. carbon based fuels, mainly wood, coal, oil and natural gas produces significant amount of CO2 which is one of the main green house gases that contributes to global warming (International Energy Outlook, 2000). The green house effect maintains the earth at comfortable temperature range but if there is excessive release of CO2 and other harmful gases from the industries and factories, the green house gases gets easily out of control and will lead to so many problems like continental drift, climate change, natural disasters and variations of suns out put. Loss of biodiversity and habitat Due to growing population, especially in the rural areas of developing countries, people practising shifting cultivation undertake slash-and-burn techniques which results in the extinction of native flora and fauna. It has been reported that nearly 140,000 species are lost every year due to deforestation activities (Pimm, Russell, Gittleman and Brooks, 1995). Therefore, if population growth is not controlled, increasing human activities will further result in destruction of the habitat and loss of biodiversity. In Bhutan, human-wildlife especially human-elephant conflict is increasing and this is mainly due to the loss of habitat for the elephants due to increasing human population and activities (Kuensel, 19 May 2012). IX. Solutions There is a need to find solutions to decrease the problems associated with overpopulation and environmental degradation. The governments around the world should have policies to decrease the population growth rate by increasing use of birth control measures. The governments should also frame good policies to protect forests and environment and prevent loss of natural habitat. Innovative ideas and research should be done to increase food production without disturbing the environment. The governments should increase funding for education and awareness of especially the poor people for them to protect and take care of their environment. X. Conclusions In conclusion overpopulation can lead to problems in the form of depleting natural resources, environmental pollution and degradation, and loss of habitat. Therefore, urgent steps need to be taken to manage human population growth to a level that can be managed well. The theories founded by Reverend Malthus can be still followed because the natural resources available now may not be sufficient in the future if we do not control human population growth. XI. References Cristina Luiggi. (2010). Still Ticking. The Scientist 24 (12): 26. Hubbert, M.K. Techniques of Prediction as Applied to Production of Oil and Gas, US Department of Commerce, NBS Special Publication 631, May 1982. International Energy Outlook 2000, Energy Information Administration, Office of Integrated Analysis and Forecasting, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. (2000) Joel Cohen, How Many People Can the Earth Support? (New York: Norton, 1995) J. Van Den Bergh and P. 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